The Trudeau Cabinet
CPAC has live coverage from Rideau Hall as Justin Trudeau is sworn in as prime minister and the new cabinet is unveiled.
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Finance: Bill Morneau
Foreign Affairs: Stéphane DionPublic Safety: Ralph GoodaleTreasury Board: Scott BrisonEnvironment: Catherine McKennaImmigration, Refugees and Citizenship: John McCallumIndigenous and Northern Affairs: Carolyn BennettHouse Leader: Dominic LeBlancJustice: Jody Wilson-RaybouldInternational Trade: Chrystia FreelandPublic Services and Procurement: Judy FooteInnovation, Science and Economic Development: Navdeep BainsAgriculture: Lawrence MacAulayHealth: Jane PhilpottFamilies, Children and Social Development: Jean-Yves DuclosTransport: Marc GarneauInternational Development and La Francophonie: Marie-Claude BibeauNatural Resources: Jim CarrCanadian Heritage: Mélanie JolyNational Revenue: Diane LebouthillierVeterans Affairs and associate defence minister: Kent HehrNational Defence: Harjit Singh SajjanEmployment, Workforce Development, and Labour: MaryAnn MihychukInfrastructure and Communities: Amarjeet SohiDemocratic Institutions: Maryan MonsefSport and Persons with Disabilities: Carla QualtroughFisheries and Oceans: Hunter TootooScience: Kirsty DuncanStatus of Women: Patty HajduSmall Business and Tourism: Bardish Chagger
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Stephen Harper meets privately with Governor General David Johnston before the ceremony to officially resign as prime minister.
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As the ceremony unfolds, we'll be providing information on the cabinet's role in Canada:
Technically, the Canadian government is headed by the Queen (through the Governor General), ruling with “advice and consent” from the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada. In practice, the government is embodied by the federal cabinet, a committee of the Privy Council composed of the prime minister and their ministers. The extended Privy Council hasn’t met since 1981 – to formally approve the marriage of an heir to the Canadian crown, Prince Charles, and Lady Diana Spencer. -
Learn about the naming of ministers and their role in Canada's parliamentary system: cpac.ca/en/highlight/m…by CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 2:14:43 PM -
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Canadian voters elected 184 Liberal MPs on Oct. 19, giving the party their first majority government since 2000-2004.
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1902: Sir Wilfrid Laurier and his cabinet, surrounded by Liberal MPs.
Sir Wilfrid Laurier et son conseil des ministres entourés de députés libéraux. Library and Archives Canada / C-001976 -
Coming Up: Watch the Liberal Government’s #SwearingIn Ceremony, live from @RideauHall on CPAC / cpac.ca / CPAC TV 2 GO. #PM23by CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 2:25:04 PM
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À venir: Cérémonie d’assermentation du gouvernement libéral, en direct à CPAC / cpac.ca / Télé CPAC Partout. #polcan #PM23 #Assermentationby CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 2:26:04 PM
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The prime minister is solely responsible for determining his or her cabinet and determining how to achieve geographic, linguistic, gender, and ethnic balance. Each province is ideally represented, although caucus membership and election results can force alternative arrangements.
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Live broadcast and extra online coverage of the swearing-in ceremony: cpac.ca/en/vote2015/ #PM23 #cdnpoli -
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LIVE NOW: Watch the Liberal Government’s #SwearingIn Ceremony on CPAC / cpac.ca / CPAC TV 2 GO. #cdnpoli #PM23by CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 2:30:05 PM
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EN DIRECT: La cérémonie d’assermentation du gouvernement libéral. CPAC / cpac.ca / Télé CPAC Partout #PM23 #Assermentationby CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 2:31:05 PM
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400 people at @RideauHall for swearing in. Fun starts now on @CPAC_TV http://pbs.twimg.com/media/CS-WuA5UEAE1WIR.jpg
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From Rideau Hall, the process of investing new ministers into cabinet:
“The Instrument of Advice recommending the appointment of members of the Ministry is signed by the prime minister and presented to the governor general for signature.
“Ministers who retain the portfolio held under the previous administration are not re-sworn. They are presented to the governor general by the prime minister.
“Ministers-designate who are privy councillors and who are changing portfolios subscribe to their respective oaths of office in front of the Clerk of the Privy Council before being presented to the governor general by the prime minister.
“Each minister-designate who is not already a privy councillor is called in order of precedence (the date of first election to the House of Commons or appointment to the Senate) to subscribe to the Oath of Allegiance, the Oath of the Members of the Privy Council and Oath of Office, before being presented to the governor general by the prime minister. (When a large number of new members are being admitted to the Privy Council, the Oath of Allegiance and the Oath of the Members of the Privy Council may be taken as a group before individually being sworn into office.)” -
Rideau Hall's grounds are open to the public for the arrival of Trudeau and his incoming cabinet.
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The Great Seal of Canada is placed in the Rideau Hall ballroom at 9:40am ET.
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Prime Minister-designate Justin Trudeau and his selection of ministers-designate arrive at Rideau Hall en masse at approx. 9:45am ET and will walk the path from the residence's main gate.
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Reminder: This morning's #SwearingIn Ceremony is also live online at cpac.ca/en/vote2015 #PM23 #cdnpoliby CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 2:35:04 PM
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Les ministres sont responsables de leur ministère devant le Parlement. Ils doivent également appuyer publiquement toute décision du gouvernement et embrasser le concept de « solidarité ministérielle » ou bien quitter son poste. Le dernier exemple remonte à 2006 : Michael Chong a démissionné en tant que ministre des Affaires intergouvernementales sous M. Harper dans le cadre de la motion visant à reconnaître le peuple québécois comme nation.
Les ministres sont nommés « conseillers privés ». Depuis 1868, ils sont désignés comme « honorables », titre qui leur est conféré à vie. La tradition veut que chaque province ait au moins un siège au sein du Cabinet. Ceci peut parfois exiger le recours à la nomination d’un sénateur dans l’éventualité où le parti au pouvoir n’a pas de député. En 2008, en raison de l’exclusion du parti conservateur du pouvoir à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador, le ministre de la Défense Peter MacKay, étant député de la Nouvelle-Écosse, s’est vu attribuer la responsabilité de cette province.
Tout ministre qui retourne au même ministère n’est pas tenu de prêter serment à nouveau. Toutefois, tout ministre qui change de portefeuille doit prêter serment de nouveau. En outre, tout ministre novice doit prêter un serment d'allégeance et un autre en tant que membre du Conseil privé. -
Ministers are made Privy Council members, who since 1868 have called themselves “Honourable” for life.
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July 1947: King chairs a cabinet meeting in Parliament Hill's East Block. George Hunter / National Film Board of Canada. Phototheque / Library and Archives Canada / C-090188
[Clockwise from lower centre]: Hons. Humphrey Mitchell, Paul Martin (inset), Ernest Bertrand, James McCann, Lionel Chevrier, Colin Gibson, Rt. Hons. C.D. Howe, Louis St. Laurent, W.L. Mackenzie King, James Ilsley, Hons. Douglas Abbott, Wishart Robertson, Rt. Hon. James Gardiner, Hon. Alphonse Fournier, Rt. Hon. Ian Mackenzie, Hons. Brooke Claxton, H.F.G. Bridges, James McKinnon, James Glen (inset), Joseph Jean
Juillet 1947 : M. King préside une réunion du cabinet dans l'édifice de l'Est de la colline du Parlement. -
MPs once had to resign and run for re-election before officially assuming cabinet duties and increased pay, to avoid any perceived conflict of interest.
The practice was discontinued in 1931 but once applied to prime ministers and their colleagues.
Here’s how the Senate and House of Commons Act read in 1927:
Independence of Parliament: Members of the House of Commons10. Except as hereinafter specially provided…no person accepting or holding any office, commission or employment, permanent or temporary, in the service of the Government of Canada, at the nomination of the Crown or at the nomination of any of the officers of the Government of Canada, to which any salary, fee, wages, allowance, emolument or profit of any kind is attached…shall be eligible as a member of the House of Commons or shall sit or vote therein…
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13. Nothing in this Act contained shall render ineligible, as aforesaid, any…person holding…any office…to be held by a member of the King’s Privy Council for Canada and entitling him to be a minister of the Crown, or shall disqualify any such person to sit or vote in the House of Commons, if he is elected while he holds such office and is not otherwise disqualified.
14. Whenever any person, member of the King’s Privy Council holding…any office …entitling him to be a minister of the Crown, and being at the same time a member of the House of Commons, resigns his office, and, within one month of his resignation, accepts any of the said offices, he shall not thereby vacate his seat, unless the administration of which he was a member has resigned, and a new administration has been formed and has occupied the said offices.---
And here’s how the Parliament of Canada Act reads today:
33. (2) Nothing in this Division renders ineligible to be a member of the House of Commons, or disqualifies from sitting or voting therein, any member of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada by reason only that the member
• (a) holds an office for which a salary is provided in section 4.1 of the Salaries Act and receives that salary, or
• (b) is a Minister of State, other than a Minister of State referred to in section 5 of the Salaries
Act, or a Minister without Portfolio and receives a salary in respect of that position,
if the member is elected while holding that office or position or is, at the date when nominated by the Crown for that office or position, a member of the House of Commons.
Office of profit
(4) Notwithstanding anything in this Division, the seat of a member of the House of Commons shall not be vacated by reason only of the acceptance by the member of an office of profit under the Crown if that office is an office the holder of which is capable of being elected to, or sitting or voting in, the House.
16. If any member of the House of Commons accepts any office or commission…for which any public money of Canada is paid…the seat of such member shall thereby be vacated, and his election shall thenceforth be null and void.” -
En principe, le Cabinet est un comité du Conseil privé de la Reine pour le Canada:
" À l’origine, le Conseil privé était un organe exécutif plus ou moins permanent, composé de nobles choisis par le souverain pour le conseiller. Le Conseil était distinct du corps législatif, ou Parlement, dont le souverain faisait partie intégrante. Le jour où consulter le Conseil devint peu pratique en raison de sa taille, le souverain choisit parmi les conseillers les plus fiables et les plus intimes. Cette coutume de former à partir de l’ensemble des conseillers privés un petit comité spécialisé, chargé de conseiller le souverain, s’est maintenue jusqu’à nos jours. "
En réalité, le parti qui exerce le pouvoir à la Chambre des communes contrôle le Cabinet.
Lors de la composition du Cabinet, le Premier ministre du Canada doit prendre en considération les facteurs géographiques, linguistiques et ethniques, ainsi que l’équilibre des genres. Idéalement, chaque province y est représentée. Toutefois, les membres du caucus et les résultats électoraux peuvent forcer le Premier ministre à recourir à des solutions de rechange.
En outre, il est important que les membres du gouvernement siègent aux divers comités du Cabinet, à savoir : Priorités et planification (présidé par S. Harper), Opérations, Conseil du Trésor, Affaires sociales, Prospérité économique et croissance durable, Affaires étrangères et défense, ainsi que Sécurité nationale. -
Officially speaking, the cabinet is a committee of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.
From House of Commons Procedure and Practice:
"Originally, the Privy Council was a more or less permanent executive body of nobles chosen by the Sovereign as counsellors. The Council was separate from the legislative body, or Parliament, of which the Sovereign was a constituent part. When the Council became too large for the practical purpose of consultation, the Sovereign selected from among its members his or her most trusted and intimate counsellors. The practice of forming from the larger group of privy councillors a small, specialized committee to advise the Crown has continued to this day." -
And from Library and Archives Canada:
“The Privy Council for Canada, which was established at Confederation under the Constitution Act, 1867 (formerly the British North America Act, 30-31, Vic., c.3, United Kingdom), is really the successor to the Executive Council of the United Provinces of Canada. Membership in the Privy Council is synonymous with Cabinet membership because members are heads or Ministers of a department of government who form the administration of the day. Although one becomes a Privy Councillor for life, the Governor General acts on the advice not of the whole Council but of the Cabinet. The most important documents produced by the Governor General in Council are Orders in Council.” -
Follow our online coverage of this morning's #SwearingIn Ceremony, live online at cpac.ca/en/vote2015 #cdnpoli #PM23by CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 2:50:05 PM
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CPAC's Holly Doan previewing the cabinet picks with John Ivison (National Post) and Althia Raj (Huffington Post Canada).
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Ministers are made Privy Council members, who since 1868 have called themselves “Honourable” for life.
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En théorie, la Reine est à la tête du gouvernement canadien par l’entremise du gouverneur général. Le gouvernement dirige le pays avec l’avis et le consentement du Conseil privé de la Reine pour le Canada.
En pratique, le gouvernement comprend le Cabinet fédéral ainsi que le comité du Conseil privé, composé du Premier ministre et de ses ministres. Il n’y a pas eu de réunion du Conseil privé dans son ensemble depuis 1981.
Voici ce que la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 stipule :
III. POUVOIR EXÉCUTIF
9. À la Reine continueront d'être et sont par la présente attribués le gouvernement et le pouvoir exécutifs du Canada.
10. Les dispositions de la présente loi relatives au gouverneur général s'étendent et s'appliquent au gouverneur général du Canada, ou à tout autre chef exécutif ou administrateur pour le temps d'alors, administrant le gouvernement du Canada au nom de la Reine, quel que soit le titre sous lequel il puisse être désigné.
11. Il y aura, pour aider et aviser, dans l'administration du gouvernement du Canada, un conseil dénommé le Conseil privé de la Reine pour le Canada; les personnes qui formeront partie de ce conseil seront, de temps à autre, choisies et mandées par le gouverneur général et assermentées comme conseillers privés; les membres de ce conseil pourront, de temps à autre, être révoqués par le gouverneur général. -
Justin Trudeau and incoming cabinet being led by piper to Rideau Hall. Live on @CPAC_TV cpac.ca/en/vote2015/ #PM23 #cdnpoliby CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 2:56:23 PM
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Responsible government means that members of the executive must be accountable to the House of Commons. By custom, ministers are MPs (with the exception of the government leader in Senate). Effectively, the party controlling the Commons controls the cabinet.
Michael Fortier was named public works minister for Harper’s cabinet in 2006 despite not being an MP or a Senator. Fortier was appointed to the Senate and promised to run for a Commons seat, which he did unsuccessfully in 2008.
Another example was Gen. Andrew McNaughton, who was wartime defence minister in 1944-45 but resigned after two unsuccessful election campaigns. -
Among those walking with Trudeau: Patty Hajdu, Bill Morneau, Kent Hehr, Catherine McKenna, Judy Foote, Dominic LeBlanc, Mélanie Joly, John McCallum, and Harjit Singh Sajjan.
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Learn about the naming of ministers & their role in Canada's parliamentary system: cpac.ca/en/highlight/m…by CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 3:00:22 PM
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Also: Lawrence MacCaulay, Maryan Monsef, Jim Carr, Stéphane Dion, Navdeep Bains, Ralph Goodale.
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April 1953: The St. Laurent cabinet meets in the Privy Council chamber. C. Lund/National Film Board of Canada/Library and Archives Canada/PA- 196460
Avril 1953 : Les membres du cabinet de M. St-Laurent se réunissent dans la salle du Conseil privé. -
The cabinet will hold it's first meeting on Parliament Hill this afternoon, followed by a news conference.
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The swearing-in ceremony begins at approx. 10:30am ET.
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David McLaughlin: the real change dilemma is delivering on platform priorities in a timely fashion.
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Reminder: Our coverage of the Liberal Government's #SwearingIn Ceremony is also live online at cpac.ca/en/vote2015 #PM23 #cdnpoliby CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 3:15:04 PM
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On the subject of cabinet making, you can go back in time with the CPAC Digital Archive.
November 24, 1978http://www.cpac.ca/eng/programs/episodes/house-commons-debates-november-24-1978
Watch at 63:20
NDP House Leader Stanley Knowles rises on a point of order to protest a cabinet shuffle occurring without a statement in the Commons by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.
Deputy Prime Minister Allan MacEachen responded for the government. Progressive Conservative Walter Baker, the opposition House leader, also spoke.
Robert Andras, formerly the Treasury Board president, became chairman of a new board of economic development ministers.Judd Buchanan took over at Treasury Board. The urban affairs department was discontinued, with André Ouellet named public works minister. John Reid was named responsible for federal-provincial relations, replacing Marc Lalonde, who moved to justice.
Minister of State (Small Business) Tony Abbott added national revenue to his responsibilities. Energy Minister Alastair Gillespie, meanwhile, added science and technology. Pierre de Bane became minister of supply and services, with Martin O’Connell the labour minister.
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The original federal departments at the time of Confederation in 1867:
Finance, Agriculture, Penitentiary Service (now part of Public Safety), the Post Office (Canada Post is now part of the transport minister’s portfolio), Public Works, the Privy Council Office, and the Secretary of State. -
Among those in the audience at Rideau Hall: former prime ministers Jean Chrétien and John Turner, and U.S. ambassador Bruce Heyman.
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The Governor General approves the choices and appoints them as ministers of the Crown.
Here’s what the Constitution Act of 1867 says:
III. EXECUTIVE POWER.
9. The Executive Government and Authority of and over Canada is hereby declared to continue and be vested in the Queen.
10. The Provisions of this Act referring to the Governor General extend and apply to the Governor General for the Time being of Canada, or other the Chief Executive Officer or Administrator for the Time being carrying on the Government of Canada on behalf and in the Name of the Queen, by whatever Title he is designated.
11. There shall be a Council to aid and advise in the Government of Canada, to be styled the Queen's Privy Council for Canada; and the Persons who are to be Members of that Council shall be from Time to Time chosen and summoned by the Governor General and sworn in as Privy Councillors, and Members thereof may be from Time to Time removed by the Governor General. -
From Rideau Hall, the process of investing new ministers into cabinet:
“The Instrument of Advice recommending the appointment of members of the Ministry is signed by the prime minister and presented to the governor general for signature.
“Ministers who retain the portfolio held under the previous administration are not re-sworn. They are presented to the governor general by the prime minister.
“Ministers-designate who are privy councillors and who are changing portfolios subscribe to their respective oaths of office in front of the Clerk of the Privy Council before being presented to the governor general by the prime minister.
“Each minister-designate who is not already a privy councillor is called in order of precedence (the date of first election to the House of Commons or appointment to the Senate) to subscribe to the Oath of Allegiance, the Oath of the Members of the Privy Council and Oath of Office, before being presented to the governor general by the prime minister. (When a large number of new members are being admitted to the Privy Council, the Oath of Allegiance and the Oath of the Members of the Privy Council may be taken as a group before individually being sworn into office.)” -
Janice Charette, Clerk of the Privy Council, is responsible for administering oaths. The clerk has been responsible for oaths to government office holders since 1901. Charette also serves as secretary to the cabinet.
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Here are the various oaths you’ll hear during the ceremony:
OATH OF ALLEGIANCE: I, _____________, do swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Canada, Her Heirs and Successors. So help me God.
OATH OF PRIVY COUNCIL MEMBERS: I, __________, do solemnly and sincerely swear (declare) that I shall be a true and faithful servant to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, as a member of Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada. I will in all things to be treated, debated and resolved in Privy Council, faithfully, honestly and truly declare my mind and my opinion. I shall keep secret all matters committed and revealed to me in this capacity, or that shall be secretly treated of in Council. Generally, in all things I shall do as a faithful and true servant ought to do for Her Majesty. So help me God.
OATH OF OFFICE: I, _________, do solemnly and sincerely promise and swear (declare) that I will truly and faithfully, and to the best of my skill and knowledge, execute the powers and trusts reposed in me as _______. So help me God.
The oaths can also be read without the reference to God. -
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by CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 3:54:05 PM
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Now we have those entering cabinet, who must take an oath to become members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada:
I, __________, do solemnly and sincerely swear (declare) that I shall be a true and faithful servant to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, as a member of Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada. I will in all things to be treated, debated and resolved in Privy Council, faithfully, honestly and truly declare my mind and my opinion. I shall keep secret all matters committed and revealed to me in this capacity, or that shall be secretly treated of in Council. Generally, in all things I shall do as a faithful and true servant ought to do for Her Majesty. So help me God. -
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Visit our live feed for a map of ridings represented by the new cabinet. cpac.ca/en/vote2015/ #cdnpoli #PM23by CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 4:48:43 PM
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Coming Up: @_MarkSutcliffe takes viewer calls with guests @susan_p_riley & @LIanMacDonald . #SwearingIn #cdnpoli #PM23by CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 4:49:53 PM
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Here is the list of cabinet committees released this morning:
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Also visit our live feed for the list of new cabinet committees. cpac.ca/en/vote2015/ #cdnpoli #PM23by CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 4:54:16 PM
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The new industry minister -- also the Registrar General of Canada -- is given the Great Seal of Canada for safe-keeping.
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Now on @CPAC_TV @_MarkSutcliffe takes viewer calls with guests @susan_p_riley & @LIanMacDonald . #SwearingIn #cdnpoli #PM23 -
LIVE NOW: @_MarkSutcliffe takes your calls on-air. Call 1-877-296-2722 now to join the conversation! #SwearingIn #cdnpoli #PM23by CPAC via twitter 11/4/2015 5:51:45 PM
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Trudeau: I think of my father and how pleased he must be that Canada came together around a vision for the country -- but my thoughts today are more about my own kids and the future of Canada's children.
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Trudeau wants Parliament to be called back in the first few days of December.
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